London,(PTI) Scientists have genetically modified mosquitoes with the ability to slow the growth of malaria-causing parasites in their gut, an advance that can help prevent transmission of the disease to humans.

These engineered mosquitoes produce compounds which impede the growth of malaria-causing parasites, which are then unlikely to reach the mosquitoes’ salivary glands and be passed on in a bite before the insects die.

Researchers from the Institute for Disease Modeling at the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation developed a model which can assess the impact of such modifications if used in a variety of African settings.

They found that the modification in question could be effective even where transmission is high.

While the technique, described in a paper published in Science Advances journal. has been shown to dramatically reduce the possibility of malaria spread in a lab setting, if proven safe and effective in real-world settings, it could offer a powerful new tool to help eliminate malaria.

The disease is transmitted between people through a female mosquito after it bites someone infected with the malaria parasite. The parasite then develops into its next stage in the mosquito’s gut and travels to its salivary glands, ready to infect the next person the mosquito bites.

However, only around 10 per cent of mosquitoes live long enough for the parasite to develop far enough to be infectious. The team aimed to lengthen the odds even further, by extending the time it takes for the parasite to develop in the gut.

Researchers from the Transmission:Zero team at Imperial College London, UK, genetically modified the main malaria-carrying species of mosquito in sub-Saharan Africa, Anopheles gambiae, such that the mosquito produces antimicrobial peptides in its guts, when it takes a blood meal.

These peptides impair the malarial parasite’s development by interfering with the energy metabolism of the parasite and also, causing the mosquitoes to have a shorter lifespan and further hampering their ability to pass on the parasite.

By the time, the next parasite stage could reach the mosquito salivary glands, most mosquitoes in nature are expected to die.

“We need to develop innovative new tools because mosquitoes and the parasites they carry are becoming resistant to available interventions such as insecticides and treatments, and funding has plateaued,” said co-first author of the study, Tibebu Habtewold.

“Delaying the parasite’s growth in the mosquito has opened many more opportunities to block malaria transmission from mosquitoes to humans,” said study co-first author, Astrid Hoermann .

To use the genetic modification to prevent malaria spread in the real world, it needs to be spread from lab-bred mosquitoes to wild ones. The innovation is so designed that it can be coupled with existing ‘gene drive’ technology to spread the modification and drastically cut malaria transmission.

“Gene drive is one such powerful weapon that in combination with drugs, vaccines and mosquito control can help stop the spread of malaria and save human lives,” study co-lead author Professor George Christophides said.

Gene drive can be added to mosquitoes that would cause the anti-parasite genetic modification to be preferentially inherited, making it spread more widely among any natural populations.

Being new, it would, however, require extremely careful planning to minimise risks before any field trials.

The Transmission:Zero team is, therefore, creating two separate but compatible strains of modified mosquitoes – one with the anti-parasite modification and one with the gene drive.

They can then test the anti-parasite modification on its own first, only adding in the gene drive once it has been shown to be effective.

With partners in Tanzania, the team set up a facility to generate and handle genetically modified mosquitoes and conduct some first tests. These include collecting parasites from locally infected schoolchildren, to ensure the modification works against the parasites circulating in relevant communities.

They are also fully risk assessing any potential releases of modified mosquitoes, taking into account any potential hazards and making sure they have buy-in from the local community. But they are hopeful that their intervention can ultimately help in eradicating malaria.

Malaria remains one of the most devastating diseases globally, putting at risk about half of the world’s population. In 2021 alone, it infected 241 million and killed 627,000 people, mostly children aged below five years old in sub-Saharan Africa, the researchers said. PTI 

 I had a chance today to be asked about whether there were any good inhibitors for a particular class of protein (unfortunately, my answer was "No, not that I've ever seen"). And it got me to thinking: what are the classes of proteins for which that applies? There are plenty of examples on the positive side of the question. There are of course tons of different kinase inhibitors of varying levels of selectivity, and if you needed to find one for some as-yet-unconquered human example, you could feel fairly good about your chances, depending on how selective you needed your final compound to be. There are quite a few serine and cysteine protease inhibitors out there, too, again with varying selectivity, and while you're not just going to stroll over and find a great compound lying on the ground, you could certainly start a project against a new member of these classes without people laughing at you. PDE enzymes, topoisomerases, hydrolases, cyclooxygenases, histone deacetylases, reductases, DNA gyrases, several of the nuclear hormone receptors  -  there are several other classes with a list of known inhibitors against them, and although some of these are rather-wide ranging and thus come with no guarantee of success, you at least know that the mechanisms have been more or less successfully targeted in the past.

But the hard-to-find-an-example list is a long one. It's long for several reasons - some of them are proteins that just flat-out don't seem to have small-molecule binding pockets and whose behavior is indeed not modulated directly by any small molecules in vivo. Transcription factors (in their several flavors) are well-known examples. Proteins that are intrinsically disordered have a very poor success rate in small-molecule inhibition as well, for what seem to be obvious reasons (and there are way more intrinsically disordered proteins among the transcription factors than you would expect by chance). Then there are enzyme classes that have binding pockets and would be of great interest, but whose terrain is just unfriendly to a lot of the chemical matter that we screen, such as phosphatases and a lot of iron-containing oxidative enzymes, such as demethylases.  And of course there are always proteins that might well be inhibited well by some small molecule, but which no one yet has ever really seen the need to screen!

Although this research may not able to make the dead alive but the one who can preserve its organ for an organ transplant and also challenges the idea that cardiac death which is occur due to halt of blood circulation and oxygenation processes. 

Latest, experiment are "Amazing" Says Nita Farahany, a neuroethicist at Duke University in Durhan, North Carolina. She says that some limitation of the human body might be overcome in time. 

In the research published on 3rd august in Nature, researchers connected pig( that had been dead for one hour) to a system which pumped blood substitute throughout in the body of animal called "OrganEx". The solution which are pumped containing the animal blood along with 13 other compounds such as anticoagulants. Which slows down the decomposition of the body and quickly restore some organ functions, such as activity in the liver, kidney, heart contraction and also preserve some brain tissue. However, researchers didnot saw any coordinated brain activity that means animal hadnot regained any consciousness. So, this experiment may not make alive dead one, but can be used in organ preservation. 

Currently ECMO is used to preserve the organs of dead people for donation. But this process had to be started soon after death and rate of success is also less. So, OrganEx will prove to be a better option for this. 

This research is potentially a "landmark" Study that could "significantly increase the number of organs that could be recovered for organ transplantation" Says Gabriel Oniscu a transplant surgeon of UK.

Although, scientist warns that the research is still going on and is not yet clinically relevant but this research raises ethical questions about the definition of death. According to the research recently published in Nature says that scientists have restored cellular activity and circulation in the vital organs of a pig such as the brain and the heart, one hour after the animal died. 

There was seen an involuntary movement in the pig’s head, and the researchers have no explanation to define the cause for the same. It could be a result of the shot of the solution made to the spinal cord that arose movements in the spinal cord which can control some motor functions of the brain.

The solution which is pumped contains the animal blood along with 13 other compounds such as anticoagulants which slow down the decomposition of the body and quickly restore some organ functions, such as activity in the liver, kidney, heart contraction and also preserve some brain tissue. However, researchers did not see any coordinated brain activity which means the animal had not regained any consciousness. So, this experiment may not make alive a dead one but can be used in organ preservation. 

This research is potentially a "landmark" study that could "significantly increase the number of organs that could be recovered for organ transplantation", Says Gabriel Oniscu, a transplant surgeon of the UK. 

We've taken a small yet a vital initiative towards the achievement of our motive of bringing the dead back to life. This experiment indeed has failed in bringing the dead one back but has a scope of improvement and will definitely help the future experiments to take critical references from the same.  For now, we can say that we've achieved a positive response from this experiment with respect to the area of organ transplantation.

Author: Miss Ritu Sharma

Indigenous medical plants means “DESI AUSADHIYA PLANTS” indigenous plants are an important element of indigenous medical system in India and rest of the world. It has traditional medicinal use and traditional medicine refers to any ancient and culturally based healthcare practice, differing from scientific medicine and is largely transmitted orally by communities of different cultures.

People value these plants due to the ancient belief which says plant we created to supply man with food, medical treatment and other effects. It is though that about 80% of the 5.2 billion people of the world live in the less developed countries and the world health organization estimates that about 80% of these people rely most exclusively on traditional medicine for their primary healthcare needs.

 Some of unique and beneficial for society indigenous plants are as follows:-

Castor oil plant it has natural antiviral and antimicrobial properties make it a popular treatment for a skin problem known as dermatosis as well as fungal infections it’s also used for hair growth.

NEEM flower is used for reducing bile controlling phlegm and treating intestinal worms, and the neem fruit is used for hemorrhoids, urinary tract disorders, bloody nose, diabetes, wounds and leprosy.

Mango blooms the juice of mango flower or mango blooms is known to cool down the digestive system, can help in curing headache, vomiting and other allergies also.

Jackfruit tree they may help prevent disease like cancer and heart disease as well as eye problems like cataracts, jackfruit also contain many other oxidants and can help delay or prevent cell damage in our body.

Indigenous plants are inspirable from local livelihood and traditional therapies are currently being eroded due to changing lifestyles body. Though indigenous plants are inseparable from local livelihoods and traditional therapies are currently being eroded due to changing lifestyles.

Above points has highlighted the importance of indigenous medical plants to population of developing countries and their prospective role in primary healthcare under favorable circumstances medicinal plants could be useful components of a development strategies which enhance sustainable rural livelihoods. People will be motivated to conserve those plants at last, indigenous medical plants are the “BACKBONE” of traditional medicine and has most therapeutic usage in the region.

Author: Rukhmani Tripathi

अपने कभी सोचा है हम अपने सेलफोन का उपयोग कितनी आसानी से सर्फीग के लिये करते है और अपनी निजी जानकारियाँ जैसे फोटो पता फोन नंबर इत्यादि साझा रखते है।

क्या आपने कभी ध्यान दिया है कि ये निजी जानकारियाँ जिसे डेटा कहते है साझा करने पर सिर्फ उसी व्यक्ति तक सिमीत रहती है या जिसे हम भेज रहें या फिर उसे कोई और भी देख रहा है।

इसी संबंधित च्तपउंतल भ्ंबापदह मतलब निजता या निजी जानकारी कि हैकिंग कि बात करेगें। और जानेंगें कि इससे बचने के लिये हमें क्या करना चाहिये या कि बातों का ध्यान रखना चाहिये।

प्रायवैसी हैकिंग दो षब्दों से मिलकर बना है ।  प्रायवैसी और हैकिंग जहाँ प्रायवैसी से मतलब है । निजता व्यक्तिगत, गोपनियता तथा हैकिंग का मतवल है ऐसी तकनीक जिसके द्वारा कोई अनजान व्यक्ति आपकी निजी जानकारी को आपकी अज्ञानता में अपने उददेष्यों कों पूरा करने के लिये करता है ।  चुकिं हैकिंग एक नकारामक षब्द है अतः इसका उद्देष्य भी गलत ही होता है ।  जैसे पासवर्ड का पता लगाना, निजी दस्तावेेजों कि जानकारी हासिल करना इत्यादि । 

अधिकतर कायों के लिये स्मार्ट फोन का इस्तेमाल हो रहा है या ये कहा जाये कि लगभग सारे कामों के लिये स्मार्ट फोन का उपयोग हो रहा है तो गलत नहीं होगा

स्मार्ट फोन इस्रनेट के माध्यम से एप्प के माध्यम से काम करमे है और फेसबुक, व्हाट्सअप भी हम अपने समार्ट फोन से चलाते है ओर इस इनटरनेट कि दुनियॉ मेें घुमतें और आनलाइन शॅपिगं करते हुये न जाने हम अपनी कितनी निजी डेटा कि जानकारी इटरनेट पर दे देते है और हमें पता भी नहीं होता कि ये सूरक्षोत हेै या नहीं |

कहीं हम अपनी व्यवति गत ओर गोपनीष्यता को खतरे में तो नहीं डाल रहें ।

यह कुछ लोगों के लिये तो चौंका देने वाली बात है।  पर यह सही हेै क्यों कि जब भी हम इंटरनेट का प्रयोग करते है तब हमारी प्राइवेट जानकारी जैसे हमने किस वेबसाइट को खोला हेै, आनलाइन षॅापिंग साइट से कर रहे है ।

आनलाइन षॉपिग से हमने क्या खरीदा है, वेबसाइट के किस पेज पर हम कितनी देर रूके थे यदि ब्राउजर के कुकीज में सूरक्षीत रहती है और गुगल और गुगल जैसे अन्य कंपनियॉ इस डेटा को अपने फोयदे के लिये इस्तेमाल करतेे है या फिर इस डेटा का एड़वरटाइजीग कपंनीयों को बेचा जाता है।

अतः हमें सर्तकता से कुछ बिन्दुओ को ध्यान समें रख कर काम करने कि आवष्यता है ।  जिससे निजता व्यक्तिगतता बनी रहे।

 1हमेशा फोन में पिनः पैैर्टन लॉक का इस्तेमाल करें ।

 2 एप सिर्फ गुगल प्लें स्टोर से ही डाउनलोड करें ।

3 एप इन्सटाल करते समय चाही गयी जानकारी के विकल्पों को ध्यान से पढ़ कर उन्तर दें । 

4 हमेषा अपने जीपिएस ट्रेकर का ऑफ रखें ।

 5 फोन में आटो अपडेट आन रखें । 

6 खूले वाई फाई के इस्तेमाल से बचे ।

7 कोई संदिग्थ लिंक जो कि एस एम एस या ब्हाटसअप मैसेज से प्राप्त हुयी हो क्लिक न करें ।

8 कभी भी ब्राउजर से वासवर्ड सेव करके न रखें ।   

Author: Mrs. Ansreen Fatima

 The gadget industry is evolving at a rapid speed no matter what the scenario is, despite the pandemic situation new phones and gadgets are launching at a faster speed than the usual time. Due to the rising demands of gadgets among the youth, producers and manufacturers are constantly launch gadgets in the market, with each gadget two steps ahead than the previous one. People all over the world are addicted to new gadgets and life is becoming difficult without a gadget leading to more dependency on technology. The world is evolving every single day and brilliant gadgets are being introduced every year to make those things possible which were once thought to be impossible. Our lives have transformed so much that the endless technology surrounding us. The implications of these new devices are vast and there is still debate about whether their implications for young people are negative or positive. 

  Firstly, we talk about the positive impact of the gadgets. These devices have positive effects on the young generation, according to studies. However, often it can lead to horrible changes in user behaviour. According to the reports, it has been shown that people who play games on the computer and gaming console have a great concentration. Their power of focus is significantly enhanced. In your daily life, you always use some important gadgets like everything from cooking by electronic components to listening to music, gadgets control a prominent part of the world. Today, technology has become endless and gadgets hold the biggest part of it. Some useful gadgets in our daily life make tasks so simple in various forms or types. The technology of gadgets increases our productivity in many ways. You can find so many forms of cool and up-to-date features of gadgets that are significantly powerful and perfect to serve millions of lives and to help daily human activities. In recent past years, gadgets have denominated as our basic need in so many ways. For the exchange of important information in a very fast mode, we often need tools so that we can answer our needs. In any part of the world, gadgets are highly needed as the most convenient part of technology.

 It has some negative effects too such as addicted to such gadgets either to some games, videos and sometimes turning one into less social even when sitting with a bunch of closed ones. It has made people more lazy and has also decreased the memorizing power by making person dependable on reminders for tiny tasks too. The most worst side effect I see these days is people have lost their patience. For instance with fast internet speed we have become used to such a speed and need to finish every task faster without waiting for a minute. This was fun in the starting using fast net but it resulted in lacking patience in people in every task they do. People hate to wait which shows lack of patience.

 There are lot such good and bad effects so its good if we use anything or everything in controlled way, living would become more fun and interesting. Thus, we need to understand that technology and gadgets make our lives easier. Therefore, we should not become addicted to them. People nowadays tend to have many devices, and they are obsessed with them, which is not a healthy sign. We don’t have any control and keep staring at the display as the brightness from the screen causes distress which is not beneficial for us. Hence if we use the technology in a good way, we’re all good, use it in a wrong way no wonder you in trouble.

Author: Pradeep Kumar