Science & Technology - The Voice TV

Polarized X-rays reveal shape, orientation of extremely hot matter around black hole

Date :09-Nov-2022

Matter is heated to millions of degrees as it is pulled toward a black hole. This hot matter glows in X-rays. Researchers are using measurements of the polarization of these X-rays to test and refine models that describe how black holes swallow matter, becoming some of the most luminous sources of light -- including X-rays -- in the universe.

The new measurements from Cygnus X-1, published online by the journal Science on Thursday, Nov. 3, represent the first observations of a mass-accreting black hole from the Imaging X-Ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) mission, an international collaboration between NASA and the Italian Space Agency (ASI). Cygnus X-1 is one of the brightest X-ray sources in our galaxy, consisting of a 21 solar mass black hole in orbit with a 41 solar mass companion star.

"Previous X-ray observations of black holes only measured the arrival direction, arrival time and energy of the X-rays from hot plasma spiraling toward the black holes," said lead author Henric Krawczynski, the Wayman Crow Professor of Physics in Arts & Sciences at Washington University in St. Louis and a faculty fellow in the university's McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences. "IXPE also measures their linear polarization, which carries information about how the X-rays were emitted -- and if, and where, they scatter off material close to the black hole."

No light, not even light from X-rays, can escape from inside the event horizon of a black hole. The X-rays detected with IXPE are emitted by the hot matter, or plasma, in a 2,000-km diameter region surrounding the 60-km diameter event horizon of the black hole.

Combining the IXPE data with concurrent observations from NASA's NICER and NuSTAR X-ray observatories in May and June 2022 allowed the authors to constrain the geometry -- i.e., shape and location -- of the plasma.

The researchers found that the plasma extends perpendicular to a two-sided, pencil-shaped plasma outflow, or jet, imaged in earlier radio observations. The alignment of the direction of the X-ray polarization and the jet lends strong support to the hypothesis that the processes in the X-ray bright region close to the black hole play a crucial role in launching the jet.

The observations match models predicting that the corona of hot plasma either sandwiches the disk of matter spiraling toward the black hole or replaces the inner portion of that disk. The new polarization data rule out models in which the black hole's corona is a narrow plasma column or cone along the jet axis.

The scientists noted that a better understanding of the geometry of the plasma around a black hole can reveal much about the inner workings of black holes and how they accrete mass.

"These new insights will enable improved X-ray studies of how gravity curves space and time close to black holes," Krawczynski said.

Related to the Cygnus X-1 black hole specifically, "IXPE observations reveal that the accretion flow is seen more edge-on than previously thought," explained co-author Michal Dovčiak at the Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences.

"This may be a signature of a misalignment of the equatorial plane of the black hole and the orbital plane of the binary," or the paired duo of the black hole and its companion star, clarified co-author Alexandra Veledina from the University of Turku. "The system may have acquired that misalignment when the black hole progenitor star exploded."

"The IXPE mission uses X-ray mirrors fabricated at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center and focal plane instrumentation provided by a collaboration of ASI, the National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF) and the National Institute for Nuclear Physics," said co-author Fabio Muleri of INAF-IAPS. "Beyond Cygnus X-1, IXPE is being used to study a wide range of extreme X-ray sources, including mass accreting neutron stars, pulsars and pulsar wind nebulae, supernova remnants, our galactic center and active galactic nuclei. We've found a lot of surprises, and we're having a lot of fun."

A second paper in the same issue of Science was led by Roberto Taverna at the University of Padova and describes the IXPE detection of highly polarized X-rays from the magnetar 4U 0142+61.

"We are thrilled to be part of this new wave of scientific discovery in astrophysics," Krawczynski said.

Back to the future of photosynthesis

Date :09-Nov-2022

Present day life fully depends on photosynthetic organisms like plants and algae that capture and convert CO2. At the heart of these processes lies an enzyme called Rubisco that captures more than 400 billion tons CO2 annually. Organisms alive today make staggering amounts of it: the mass of Rubisco on our planet outweighs that of all humans. In order to assume such a dominant role in the global carbon cycle, Rubisco had to adapt constantly to changing environmental conditions.

Using a combination of computational and synthetic approaches, a team from the Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology in Marburg, Germany, in collaboration with the University of Singapore has now successfully resurrected and studied billion-year-old enzymes in the lab. In this process, which they describe as "molecular paleontology," the researchers found that instead of direct mutations in the active center, an entirely new component prepared photosynthesis to adapt to rising oxygen levels.

Rubisco's early confusion

Rubisco is ancient: it emerged approximately four billion years ago in primordial metabolism prior to the presence of oxygen on earth. However, with the invention of oxygen-producing photosynthesis and rise of oxygen in the atmosphere, the enzyme started catalyzing an undesired reaction, in which it mistakes O2 for CO2 and produces metabolites that are toxic to the cell. This confused substrate scope still scars Rubiscos to date and limits photosynthetic efficiency. Even though Rubiscos that evolved in oxygen-containing environments became more specific for CO2 over time, none of them could get completely rid of the oxygen capturing reaction.

The molecular determinants of increased CO2 specificity in Rubisco remain largely unknown. However, they are of great interest to researchers aiming to improve photosynthesis. Interestingly, those Rubiscos that show increased CO2 specificity recruited a novel protein component of unknown function. This component was suspected to be involved in increasing CO2 specificity, however, the true reason for its emergence remained difficult to determine because it already evolved billions of years ago.

Studying evolution by resurrecting ancient proteins in the lab

To understand this key event in the evolution of more specific Rubiscos, collaborators at the Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology in Marburg and Nanyang Technological University in Singapore used a statistical algorithm to recreate forms of Rubiscos that existed billions of years ago, before oxygen levels began to rise. The team led by Max Planck researchers Tobias Erb and Georg Hochberg resurrected these ancient proteins in the lab to study their properties. In particular, the scientists wondered whether Rubisco's new component had anything to do with the evolution of higher specificity.

The answer was surprising, as doctoral researcher Luca Schulz explains: "We expected the new component to somehow directly exclude oxygen from Rubisco catalytic center. That is not what happened. Instead, this new subunit seems to act as a modulator for evolution: recruitment of the subunit changed the effect that subsequent mutations had on Rubisco's catalytic subunit. Previously inconsequential mutations suddenly had a huge effect on specificity when this new component was present. It seems that having this new subunit completely changed Rubisco's evolutionary potential."

An enzyme's addiction to its new subunit

This function as an "evolutionary modulator" also explains another mysterious aspect of the new protein component: Rubiscos that incorporated it are completely dependent on it, even though other forms of Rubisco can function perfectly well without. The same modulating effect explains why: When bound to this small protein component, Rubisco become tolerant to mutations that would otherwise be catastrophically detrimental. With the accumulation of such mutations, Rubisco effectively became addicted to its new subunit.

Altogether, the findings finally explain the reason why Rubisco kept this new protein component around ever since it encountered it. Max Planck Research Group Leader Georg Hochberg explains: "The fact that this connection was not understood until now highlights the importance of evolutionary analysis for understanding the biochemistry that drives life around us. The history of biomolecules like Rubisco can teach us so much about why they are the way they are today. And there are still so many biochemical phenomena whose evolutionary history we really have no idea about. So it's a very exciting time to be an evolutionary biochemist: almost the entire molecular history of the cell is still waiting to be discovered."

Scientific journeys back in time can provide invaluable insights for the future

The study also has important implications for how photosynthesis might be improved, says Max Planck Director Tobias Erb: "Our research taught us that traditional attempts to improve Rubisco might have been looking in the wrong place: for years, research focused solely on changing amino acids in Rubisco itself to improve it. Our work now suggests that adding entirely new protein components to the enzyme could be more productive and may open otherwise impossible evolutionary paths. This is uncharted land for enzyme engineering."

Story Source: Materials provided by Max-Planck-Gesellschaft. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.

Can your phone tell if a bridge is in good shape?

Date :08-Nov-2022

A new study involving MIT researchers shows that mobile phones placed in vehicles, equipped with special software, can collect useful structural integrity data while crossing bridges. In so doing, they could become a less expensive alternative to sets of sensors attached to bridges themselves.

"The core finding is that information about structural health of bridges can be extracted from smartphone-collected accelerometer data," says Carlo Ratti, director of the MIT Sensable City Laboratory and co-author of a new paper summarizing the study's findings.

The research was conducted, in part, on the Golden Gate Bridge itself. The study showed that mobile devices can capture the same kind of information about bridge vibrations that stationary sensors compile. The researchers also estimate that, depending on the age of a road bridge, mobile-device monitoring could add from 15 percent to 30 percent more years to the structure's lifespan.

"These results suggest that massive and inexpensive datasets collected by smartphones could play an important role in monitoring the health of existing transportation infrastructure," the authors write in their new paper.

The study, "Crowdsourcing Bridge Vital Signs with Smartphone Vehicle Trips," is being published in Nature Communications Engineering.

The authors are Thomas J. Matarazzo, an assistant professor of civil and mechanical engineering at the United States Military Academy at West Point; Daniel Kondor, a postdoc at the Complexity Science Hub in Vienna; Sebastiano Milardo, a researcher at the Senseable City Lab; Soheil S. Eshkevari, a senior research scientist at DiDi Labs and a former member of Senseable City Lab; Paolo Santi, principal research scientist at the Senseable City Lab and research director at the Italian National Research Council; Shamim N. Pakzad, a professor and chair of the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Lehigh University; Markus J. Buehler, the Jerry McAfee Professor in Engineering and professor of civil and environmental engineering and of mechanical engineering at MIT; and Ratti, who is also professor of the practice in MIT's Department of Urban Studies and Planning.

Bridges naturally vibrate, and to study the essential "modal frequencies" of those vibrations in many directions, engineers typically place sensors, such as accelerometers, on bridges themselves. Changes in the modal frequencies over time may indicate changes in a bridge's structural integrity.

To conduct the study, the researchers developed an Android-based mobile phone application to collect accelerometer data when the devices were placed in vehicles passing over the bridge. They could then see how well those data matched up with data record by sensors on bridges themselves, to see if the mobile-phone method worked.

"In our work, we designed a methodology for extracting modal vibration frequencies from noisy data collected from smartphones," Santi says. "As data from multiple trips over a bridge are recorded, noise generated by engine, suspension and traffic vibrations, [and] asphalt, tend to cancel out, while the underlying dominant frequencies emerge."

In the case of the Golden Gate Bridge, the researchers drove over the bridge 102 times with their devices running, and the team used 72 trips by Uber drivers with activated phones as well. The team then compared the resulting data to that from a group of 240 sensors that had been placed on the Golden Gate Bridge for three months.

The outcome was that the data from the phones converged with that from the bridge's sensors; for 10 particular types of low-frequency vibrations engineers measure on the bridge, there was a close match, and in five cases, there was no discrepancy between the methods at all.

"We were able to show that many of these frequencies correspond very accurately to the prominent modal frequencies of the bridge," Santi says.

However, only 1 percent of all bridges in the U.S. are suspension bridges. About 41 percent are much smaller concrete span bridges. So, the researchers also examined how well their method would fare in that setting.

To do so, they studied a bridge in Ciampino, Italy, comparing 280 vehicle trips over the bridge to six sensors that had been placed on the bridge for seven months. Here, the researchers were also encouraged by the findings, though they found up to a 2.3 percent divergence between methods for certain modal frequencies over all 280 trips, and a 5.5 percent divergence over a smaller sample. That suggests a larger volume of trips could yield more useful data.

"Our initial results suggest that only a [modest amount] of trips over the span of a few weeks are sufficient to obtain useful information about bridge modal frequencies," Santi says.

Looking at the method as a whole, Buehler observes, "Vibrational signatures are emerging as a powerful tool to assess properties of large and complex systems, ranging from viral properties of pathogens to structural integrity of bridges as shown in this study. It's a universal signal found widely in the natural and built environment that we're just now beginning to explore as a diagnostic and generative tool in engineering."

As Ratti acknowledges, there are ways to refine and expand the research, including accounting for the effects of the smartphone mount in the vehicle, the influence of the vehicle type on the data, and more.

"We still have work to do, but we believe that our approach could be scaled up easily -- all the way to the level of an entire country," Ratti says. "It might not reach the accuracy that one can get using fixed sensors installed on a bridge, but it could become a very interesting early-warning system. Small anomalies could then suggest when to carry out further analyses."

The researchers received support from Anas S.p.A., Allianz, Brose, Cisco, Dover Corporation, Ford, the Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Metropolitan Solutions, the Fraunhofer Institute, the former Kuwait-MIT Center for Natural Resources and the Environment, Lab Campus, RATP, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), SNCF Gares & Connexions, UBER, and the U.S. Department of Defense High-Performance Computing Modernization Program.

Story Source:

Materials provided by Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Original written by Peter Dizikes. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.

Machine learning, from you

Date :08-Nov-2022

Many computer systems people interact with on a daily basis require knowledge about certain aspects of the world, or models, to work. These systems have to be trained, often needing to learn to recognize objects from video or image data. This data often contains superfluous content that reduces the accuracy of models. So researchers found a way to incorporate natural hand gestures into the teaching process. This way, users can more easily teach machines about objects, and the machines can also learn more effectively.

You've probably heard the term machine learning before, but are you familiar with machine teaching? Machine learning is what happens behind the scenes when a computer uses input data to form models that can later be used to perform useful functions. But machine teaching is the somewhat less explored part of the process, of how the computer gets its input data to begin with. In the case of visual systems, for example ones that can recognize objects, people need to show objects to a computer so it can learn about them. But there are drawbacks to the ways this is typically done that researchers from the University of Tokyo's Interactive Intelligent Systems Laboratory sought to improve.

"In a typical object training scenario, people can hold an object up to a camera and move it around so a computer can analyze it from all angles to build up a model," said graduate student Zhongyi Zhou. "However, machines lack our evolved ability to isolate objects from their environments, so the models they make can inadvertently include unnecessary information from the backgrounds of the training images. This often means users must spend time refining the generated models, which can be a rather technical and time-consuming task. We thought there must be a better way of doing this that's better for both users and computers, and with our new system, LookHere, I believe we have found it."

Zhou, working with Associate Professor Koji Yatani, created LookHere to address two fundamental problems in machine teaching: firstly, the problem of teaching efficiency, aiming to minimize the users' time, and required technical knowledge. And secondly, of learning efficiency -- how to ensure better learning data for machines to create models from. LookHere achieves these by doing something novel and surprisingly intuitive. It incorporates the hand gestures of users into the way an image is processed before the machine incorporates it into its model, known as HuTics. For example, a user can point to or present an object to the camera in a way that emphasizes its significance compared to the other elements in the scene. This is exactly how people might show objects to each other. And by eliminating extraneous details, thanks to the added emphasis to what's actually important in the image, the computer gains better input data for its models.

"The idea is quite straightforward, but the implementation was very challenging," said Zhou. "Everyone is different and there is no standard set of hand gestures. So, we first collected 2,040 example videos of 170 people presenting objects to the camera into HuTics. These assets were annotated to mark what was part of the object and what parts of the image were just the person's hands. LookHere was trained with HuTics, and when compared to other object recognition approaches, can better determine what parts of an incoming image should be used to build its models. To make sure it's as accessible as possible, users can use their smartphones to work with LookHere and the actual processing is done on remote servers. We also released our source code and data set so that others can build upon it if they wish."

Factoring in the reduced demand on users' time that LookHere affords people, Zhou and Yatani found that it can build models up to 14 times faster than some existing systems. At present, LookHere deals with teaching machines about physical objects and it uses exclusively visual data for input. But in theory, the concept can be expanded to use other kinds of input data such as sound or scientific data. And models made from that data would benefit from similar improvements in accuracy too.

Story Source:

Materials provided by University of Tokyo. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.

रिलायंस देश की सर्वश्रेष्ठ नियोक्ता कंपनी, दुनिया में 20वें स्थान पर: फोर्ब्स

Date :07-Nov-2022

- दक्षिण कोरिया की दिग्गज कंपनी सैमसंग इलेक्ट्रॉनिक्स ने पहला स्थान हासिल किया

- दुनिया की सबसे बड़ी ऑनलाइन विक्रेता कंपनी अमेजन इस सूची में 14वें स्थान पर

नई दिल्ली, 06 नवंबर (हि.स)। अमेरिकी बिजनेस पत्रिका फोर्ब्स ने बाजार मूल्यांकन, आय और मुनाफे के हिसाब से रिलायंस इंडस्ट्रीज लिमिटेड (आरआईएल) को भारत का सबसे अच्छा नियोक्ता बताया है। आरआईएल ने फोर्ब्स की सवश्रेष्ठ नियोक्ता रैंकिंग 2022 में देश की सर्वश्रेष्ठ नियोक्ता और दुनिया में 20वां स्थान हासिल किया है।

फोर्ब्स ने रविवार को 2022 के लिए सर्वश्रेष्ठ नियोक्ता रैंकिंग की सूची जारी की है, जिसमें राजस्व, लाभ और बाजार मूल्यांकन के लिहाज से देश की सबसे बड़ी कंपनी आरआईएल को भारत की सबसे बेहतर और दुनिया की 20वीं सबसे अच्छी नियोक्ता बताया गया है। फोर्ब्स की वैश्विक रैंकिंग सूची में दक्षिण कोरिया की दिग्गज कंपनी सैमसंग इलेक्ट्रॉनिक्स ने पहला स्थान हासिल किया है। इसके बाद अमेरिकी कंपनी माइक्रोसॉफ्ट, आईबीएम, अल्फाबेट और ऐपल का स्थान है।

फोर्ब्स की सवश्रेष्ठ नियोक्ता रैंकिंग 2022 सूची में दूसरे से लेकर 12वें स्थान पर अमेरिकी कंपनियों का कब्जा है। इसके बाद जर्मनी की वाहन निर्माता कंपनी बीएमडब्ल्यू ग्रुप 13वें स्थान पर है, जबकि दुनिया की सबसे बड़ी ऑनलाइन विक्रेता अमेजन इस सूची में 14वें स्थान पर और फ्रांस की दिग्गज कंपनी डिकेथलॉन 15वें स्थान पर है। वहीं, रिलायंस इस वैश्विक सूची में 20वें स्थान पर मौजूद है। रिलायंस इस रैंकिंग में सर्वोच्च स्थान हासिल करने वाली भारतीय कंपनी है।

फोर्ब्स की इस सूची में रिलायंस जर्मनी की मर्सिडीज-बेंज, अमेरिकी की कोका-कोला, जापान की वाहन कंपनी होंडा और यामाहा तथा सऊदी अरामको से भी इस सूची में ऊपर है। फोर्ब्स की सवश्रेष्ठ नियोक्ता रैंकिंग 2022 सूची के मुताबिक शीर्ष 100 कंपनियों में रिलायंस के अलावा कोई भी भारतीय कंपनी शामिल नहीं है। इस सूची में एचडीएफसी बैंक 137वें स्थान पर है। इसके अलावा बजाज इस रैंकिंग में 173वें, आदित्य बिड़ला ग्रुप 240वें, लार्सन एंड टुब्रो 354वें, आईसीआईसीआई बैंक 365वें, अडाणी एंटरप्राइजेज 547वें और इंफोसिस 668वें स्थान पर है।

हिन्दुस्थान समाचार/प्रजेश/सुनीत

अब फेसबुक की मेटा कर्मचारियों की छंटनी की तैयारी में

Date :07-Nov-2022

नई दिल्ली, 07 नवंबर (हि.स)। ट्विटर के बाद दिग्गज सोशल मीडिया कंपनी फेसबुक की पेरेंट कंपनी मेटा में बड़े पैमाने पर छंटनी की खबर है। रिपोर्ट्स के मुताबिक मेटा में 09 नवंबर से बड़े पैमाने पर छंटनी की प्रक्रिया शुरू हो जाएगी। कंपनी दुनियाभर में करीब 12 हजार कर्मचारियों की छंटनी कर सकती है।

मेटा में अभी 87,000 कर्मचारी हैं। इससे पहले ट्विटर इंक ने पिछले हफ्ते करीब 3700 कर्मचारियों को बाहर कर दिया है। इसके बाद कर्मचारियों की संख्या घटकर आधी रह गई है।

दुनिया के सबसे बड़े रईस एलन मस्क के बाद मेटा प्लेटफॉर्म के मुख्य कार्यकारी अधिकारी (सीईओ) मार्क जुकरबर्ग भी बड़े पैमाने पर छंटनी की तैयारी कर रहे हैं। इस साल कंपनी के शेयरों में करीब 73 फीसदी की भारी गिरावट आई है। दरअसल फेसबुक यानी अब मेटा प्लेटफॉर्म्स को टिकटॉक और यूट्यूब जैसे प्लेटफॉर्म्स से कड़ी टक्कर मिल रही है।

जुकरबर्ग के पास मेटा प्लेटफॉर्म्स के करीब 16.8 फीसदी शेयर हैं। फेसबुक के रेवेन्यू में 97 फीसदी से ज्यादा हिस्सा विज्ञापनों से आता है। कंपनी के शेयरों में गिरावट से जुकरबर्ग की नेटवर्थ में गिरावट आई है। जुकरबर्ग एक समय दुनिया के अमीरों की सूची में तीसरे नंबर पर थे, लेकिन अब वे 29वें नंबर पर खिसक गए हैं। इस साल उनकी नेटवर्थ 90.3 अरब डॉलर की गिरावट के साथ 35.2 अरब डॉलर रह गई है।

हिन्दुस्थान समाचार/प्रजेश शंकर/मुकुंद

घर पर उगा सकते हैं महंगा फल ड्रैगन फ्रूट, बहुत ही आसान है देखभाल

Date :05-Nov-2022

बेगूसराय, 05 नवम्बर (हि.स.)। बदलते दौर में खेती-किसानी भी बदलते जा रही है। इसी का प्रतिफल है कि दक्षिण अमेरिका और थाई में मुख्यतया उपजायी जाने वाले और मानव शरीर के लिए रामबाण कहे जाने वाले ड्रैगन फ्रूट (कोमलम) की खेती अब बेगूसराय और बिहार के भी विभिन्न हिस्से में होने लगी है, लोग ड्रैगन फ्रूट लगाने के प्रति काफी जागरूक हो रहे हैं।

बेगूसराय के मनियप्पा निवासी सीआईडी के सेवानिवृत्ति डीएसपी रामनरेश कुंवर ने जहां इसकी व्यापक पैमाने पर खेती की है। वहीं, बड़े पैमाने पर लोग इसे अपने घरेलू बगीचा में भी शामिल कर रहे हैं और बेगूसराय की मिट्टी में भी यह काफी फल फूल रहा है। बेगूसराय में 25 से भी अधिक लोगों ने इसे अपने घर पर लगाया है तथा इसका फल परिवार में उपयोग करने के साथ-साथ लोगों को बांटकर इसकी खेती करने के प्रति जागरूक कर रहे हैं।

ऐसे ही एक प्रगतिशील किसान और किसान सलाहकार हैं छौड़ाही प्रखंड के एकंबा निवासी अनीश कुमार। अनीश कुमार ने ड्रैगन फ्रूट का पौधा अपने घर पर लगाया, इसके बाद अब हुए लोगों को अपने घर के बगीचा और खेत में लगाने के लिए जागरूक कर रहे हैं। अनीश कुमार ने बताया की ड्रैगन फ्रूट दिखने में जितना खूबसूरत होता है, उतने ही इसके फायदे हैं। यह एंटी ऑक्सीडेंट, विटामिन-सी, विटामीन-बी, प्रोटीन और कार्बोहाइड्रेट का अच्छा स्त्रोत होता है।

इसे काफी कम मात्रा में पानी की आवश्यकता होती है। अगर सही पौधों का चुनाव करें तो एक एकड़ की खेती से भी अच्छा-खासा मुनाफा ले सकते हैं। ड्रैगन फ्रूट की कीमत काफी अच्छी मिल जाती है और इसकी कई प्रजातियां होती है। लेकिन अपने यहां प्रमुख तौर पर तीन प्रजाति उगाई जा रही हैं, लाल फल गूदे के साथ, लाल फल सफेद गूदे के साथ तथा पीला फल सफेद गूदे के साथ।

सबसे दिलचस्प बात है कि ड्रैगन फ्रूट को खेतों के अलावा अपने बाग़-बगीचे या मकान के छत पर और किचन गार्डन में भी आसानी से उगा सकते हैं। छत पर रखे गए ड्रैगन फ्रूट से प्रति गमले 15 से 20 फल प्रति सीजन प्राप्त हो जाते हैं। ड्रैगन फ्रूट को फल के रूप में खाने के अलावा और भी कई चीजें, जैसे जूस या फिर आइसक्रीम बनाने में इस्तेमाल कर सकते हैं। अगर फिटनेस को लेकर काफी सजग हैं तब तो ड्रैगन फ्रूट का पौधा अवश्य लगाना चाहिए, क्योंकि यह सेहत के लिए काफी अच्छा है। सीजन में बाजार से हर रोज पैसे खर्च करके खरीदने से बेहतर होगा कि अपने घर के छत पर इसे उगाएं।

अनीश ने बताया कि ड्रैगन फ्रूट का बीज और कलम दोनों ही तरीकों से लगाया जा सकता है। बीज से ड्रैगन फ्रूट का पौधा वैसे ही लगता है जैसे कि कोई अन्य पौधा। किसी भी साइज के गमले में मिट्टी भरकर बीजों को बो सकते हैं। लेकिन इस तरह से उगाए गए पौधों को फल देने में चार से पांच साल का समय लग जाता है। इसलिए बेहतर तरीका है कि नर्सरी से इसके पौधे ले आएं या किसी दोस्त-रिश्तेदार के यहां पहले से लगे पौधे का कटिंग भी लेकर लगाया जा सकता है।

किसी पौधा से काटकर लाया तो कैसे लगाएं -

पहले गमला में पॉटिंग मिक्स तैयार करें, जिसमें मिट्टी, कोकोपीट, वर्मी कंपोस्ट और रेत मिलाएं। इसके बाद आप ड्रैगन फ्रूट के पौधे से कलम काटें और इसे तीन-चार दिन छांव में सूखने के लिए रखें। अब इसे मिट्टी में लगा दीजिए और पानी दीजिए। गमले को ऐसी जगह पर रखना है जहा धूप आती हो। क्योंकि ड्रैगन फ्रूट को बढ़ने के लिए अच्छी धूप की जरूरत होती है। ड्रैगन फ्रूट के पौधे को कम पानी चाहिए, मिट्टी में बस नमी रहनी चाहिए।

पौधा जब बढ़ने लगता है तो सहारे की जरूरत होती है, इसलिए इसके साथ में कोई लकड़ी लगा दें, जिससे कि इसे बांधा जा सके। ड्रैगन फ्रूट का पौधा जब एक बार बढ़ने लगता है तो इसकी बहुत ज्यादा देखभाल की जरूरत नहीं होती है। तीन महीने में एक बार इसमें खाद या होम-कम्पोस्ट मिला सकते हैं। ड्रैगन फ्रूट के फूलों में परागण (पोलिनेशन) रात में होता है जो चमगादड़ करती हैं।

बदलते दौर की बीमारियों के लिए रामबाण है -

बेल पर लगने वाला कैक्टेसिया फैमिली से संबंधित रह फल गूदेदार और रसीला होता है। इसके फूल बहुत ही सुगंधित होते हैं, जो रात में खिलते और सुबह होने तक झड़ जाते हैं। उन्होंने बताया कि डायबिटीज, हृदय रोग, कैंसर, कोलेस्ट्रॉल नियंत्रण, पेट संबंधी समस्या, गठिया, इम्यूनिटी बढ़ाने, रोग प्रतिरोधक क्षमता मजबूत करने, डेंगू, हड्डियों और दांत रोग, शारीरिक कोशिकाओं की मरम्मत, अस्थमा, गर्भावस्था, एनीमिया की समस्या, कंजेनिटल ग्लूकोमा, भूख बढ़ाने, मस्तिष्क रोग, त्वचा एवं बालों के लिए बहुत ही उपयोगी है।

हिन्दुस्थान समाचार/सुरेन्द्र

Meta India head Ajit Mohan quits, ‘to pursue another opportunity outside of company’

Date :05-Nov-2022

PTI

New Delhi,

Social media giant Meta on Thursday said its India head Ajit Mohan has resigned from the company.

“Ajit has decided to step down from his role at Meta to pursue another opportunity outside of the company.

“Over the last four years, he has played an important role in shaping and scaling our India operations so they can serve many millions of Indian businesses, partners and people,” Meta, Global Business Group Vice President, Nicola Mendelsohn said in a statement.

Sources said Mohan has resigned with immediate effect.

Mohan had joined Meta, which was earlier known as Facebook, in January 2019 from Hotstar.

“We remain deeply committed to India and have a strong leadership team in place to carry on all our work and partnerships. We are grateful for Ajit’s leadership and contribution and wish him the very best for the future,” Mendelsohn said.

मस्क ने भारत में ट्विटर के कर्मचारियों की छंटनी शुरू की

Date :05-Nov-2022

नई दिल्ली,(हि.स)। सोशल मीडिया साइट के नए मालिक एलन मस्क ने भारत में ट्विटर के कर्मचारियों की छंटनी शुरू कर दी है। सूत्रों ने शुक्रवार को यह जानकारी दी।

सूत्रों के मुताबिक ट्विटर इंक ने भारत में कुछ कर्मचारियों की छंटनी की शुरुआत कर दी है। कंपनी ने मार्केटिंग, कम्युनिकेशन और कुछ अन्य विभागों में छंटनी की है। दरअसल, भारत में कंपनी के करीब 250 कर्मचारी थे। कंपनी ने कर्मचारियों को एक मेल भेजकर कहा था कि शुक्रवार को छंटनी की जाएगी। इससे एक दिन पहले मीडिया में खबर आई थी कि मस्क ट्विटर इंक के 3 हजार से ज्यादा कर्मियों को बाहर का रास्ता दिखाने की तैयारी कर रहे हैं।

उल्लेखनीय है कि एलन मस्क ने 27 अक्टूबर को ट्विटर की खरीद के लिए 44 अरब डॉलर के सौदे को पूरा किया था। मस्क ने ट्विटर की कमान संभालते ही सबसे पहले कंपनी के भारतीय मूल के मुख्य कार्यपालक अधिकारी (सीईओ) पराग अग्रवाल सहित चार बड़े अधिकारियों की छुट्टी कर दी थी। इसके बाद माना जा रहा था कि ट्विटर में बड़े पैमाने पर छंटनी की जाएगी।

हिन्दुस्थान समाचार/प्रजेश शंकर

Mark Zuckerberg announces 32-person video call on WhatsApp

Date :04-Nov-2022

New Delhi,

Meta Founder and CEO, Mark Zuckerberg on Thursday announced the global roll out of a 32-person video calling feature called ‘Communities’ on WhatsApp.

Zuckerberg posted a video on Facebook to announce the new feature, calling it a “major evolution for WhatsApp”.

“We’re launching Communities on WhatsApp. It makes groups better by enabling sub-groups, multiple threads, announcement channels, and more. All secured by end to end encryption so your messages stay private,” he said.

The new feature will allow admins to better organise the conversations “under one umbrella”, Zuckerberg added.

Besides Communities, WhatsApp also released more features to “improve the group chat experience”, including in-chat polls, larger file sharing, reactions, groups with up to 1,024 users and shareable call links.

Meanwhile, as Meta doubled down on its monetisation drive across its family of apps, Zuckerberg had said that JioMart on WhatsApp in India was going to be a big opportunity for the paid messaging market.

During the company’s Q3 earnings call, the CEO said that paid messaging was another opportunity that we were starting to tap into.

“We launched JioMart on WhatsApp in India, and it was our first end-to-end shopping experience that showed the potential for chat-based commerce through messaging,” Zuckerberg told analysts.

Quote :

" लक्ष्य निर्धारण एक सम्मोहक भविष्य का रहस्य है " -टोनी रॉबिंस

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अब फेसबुक की मेटा कर्मचारियों की छंटनी की तैयारी में

घर पर उगा सकते हैं महंगा फल ड्रैगन फ्रूट, बहुत ही आसान है देखभाल

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मस्क ने भारत में ट्विटर के कर्मचारियों की छंटनी शुरू की

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