जब भी हम योग का नाम सुनते है तो हमारे मन में विभिन्न प्रकार के आसनों के चित्र बनने लगते हैं। परन्तु वास्तविक योग केवल आसन ही नहीं हैं आसन उस योग का एक भाग हैं, परन्तु योग उससे कहीं उच्च अवस्था का नाम है। चलिए जानते है कि वास्तविक योग क्या है और हम कैसे उसे प्राप्त कर सकते है।

योग क्या है ?

योग संस्कृत भाषा का एक शब्द है,जो युज धातु से मिलकर बना है जिसका अर्थ है जोड़ना। सामान्य भाषा में भी योग (+) का अर्थ जोड़ना ही होता है। परन्तु इस योग का अर्थ  –

अपने अस्तित्व को ईश्वर के साथ या ब्रह्माण्डीय ऊर्जा (Cosmic Energy)के साथ जोड़ना है।

श्रीमद्भागवत गीता में लिखा है – 

"योगा कर्मसु कौशलम्"

अर्थात कर्मो में कुशलता ही योग है

गीता में ही वर्णन आता है – 

"समत्वं योग उच्यते"

अर्थात समता ही योग कही जाती है।

पतंजलि ने अपने ग्रन्थ योगसूत्र के पहले अध्याय की दूसरी सूक्ति में लिखा है –

"योगश्चितवृत्तिनिरोधा"

अर्थात चित्त की वृत्तियो को रोकना ही योग है।

आपको ऐसी अनेक परिभाषाये मिल जायेंगी पर योग का अर्थ अपने अस्तित्व का पूर्ण विकास ही है।

योग के प्रकार 

• योग के विभिन्न प्रकार है, जैसे –
  • ज्ञान योग
  • कर्म योग
  • भक्ति योग
  • राज योग
  • हठयोग
  • जप योग
  • नाद योग, आदि।

• मार्ग अनेक हैं पर गंतव्य एक है।

• आसन प्राणायाम हठयोग के भाग हैं।

अष्टांगिक योग-

पतंजलि ने योगसूत्र में अष्टांगिक योग का मार्ग बताया है, जो सभी के लिए उपयोगी है। य़हाँ संक्षेप में उसका वर्णन करता हूँ।

• यम (सत्य,अहिंसा,अस्तेय,अपरिग्रह,ब्रह्मचर्य)

• नियम (शौच,सन्तोष,तप,स्वाध्याय,ईश्वरप्राणिधानी)

• आसन

• प्राणायाम

• प्रत्याहार

• धारणा

• ध्यान

• समाधि

सम्पूर्ण विकास के रूप में योग-

• वर्तमान समय में हमें योग को सम्पूर्ण विकास के रूप में देखना होगा।

• हमारे अस्तित्व के 3 प्रमुख स्तम्भ हैं –

• शरीर (Body )

• मन ( Mind)

• आत्मा (Soul)

अतः इन तीनों में सन्तुलन बनाते हुए अपने आप को ब्रह्माण्डीय ऊर्जा से जोड़ना ही वर्तमान योग का लक्ष्य है।

शरीर के लिए योग -

शरीर हमारे भौतिक अस्तित्व की पहली पहचान है। अतः शरीर को पूर्णता शुद्ध और पवित्र रखने के लिए हम निम्न काम करेंगे।

1. उचित व्यायाम
2. उचित खान-पान
3. प्रकृति के करीब जाना

1. उचित व्यायाम

हमें अपने शरीर को शुद्ध रखने के लिए कुछ आसन और प्राणायाम जरूर करने चाहिए।

कुछ प्रमुख आसन और प्राणायाम जैसे – सूर्यनमस्कार, मत्स्यासन, अधोमुखाश्वनासन, त्रिकोणासन, बालासन, जानुसीर्षासन, कपालभाँति अनुलोम-विलोम, काकीमुद्रा आदि।

2. उचित आहार 

• हमें आयुर्वेद के अनुसार ऐसा भोजन करना चाहिए जिससे हमारे तीनों गुण (वात,पित्त,कफ) सन्तुलित रहें।

• एक योगी को अपने पेट का आधा भाग भोजन से, 25% पानी और 25% वायु से भरना चाहिए।

• गीता में भी आया है-

"युक्ताहार विहारस्य युक्तचेष्टस्य कर्मसु"

अर्थात अधिक खाने वाले और अधिक सोने वाले का योग नही सध सकता। अतः अपने सारे कर्मों में सन्तुलन स्थापित करें।

3. प्रकृति के करीब जाना

• आप प्रकृति से जितना दूर जायेगे आप उतना ही बीमार और परेशान रहेंगे। इसलिए प्रकृति के करीब रहें।

• कम से कम रोज एक बार पार्क में पेड़-पौधो के करीब तो जा ही सकते है।

मन के लिए योग 

श्रीमद्भागवतम् के 11वें स्कन्द में एक तितिक्षु ब्राह्मण की कथा आती है, जिसमें कहा गया है –

सारी साधनाओं का लक्ष्य मात्र अपने मन पर नियन्त्रण करना है।

इसलिए मन पर नियंत्रण बहुत आवश्यक है. पर इसके लिए हमें इन 3 बिन्दुओं पर ध्यान देना होगा |

• धारणा

• ध्यान

• प्राणायाम

धारणा 

• हम जैसा सोचते हैं वैसे ही बन जाते हैं। इसलिए हमें सदैव सकारात्मक( Positive Thinking ) और शुद्ध चिंतन करना चाहिए। हमारे मन में नित्य 60000 से भी अधिक विचार आते हैं, पर कुछ चुनिन्दा ही याद रह पाते है। हमें ये चुनिन्दा विचार इतने शुद्ध रखने है ताकि ये हमारे मन को परेशान न कर सकें।

• हमें शुद्ध और ईश्वर सम्बन्धि विषयों की ही धारणा करनी है।

ध्यान ( Meditation ) 

• ध्यान आपके मन को एकाग्र करने और संतुलित करने में सहायक है। जो ध्यान करता है, वह परेशानियो और विपरीत परिस्थतियों से विचलित नही होता। आपको दिन में कम से कम 10 मिनट ध्यान जरूर करना चाहिए।

• ध्यान के भी कई प्रकार हैं, जिनका यहाँ वर्णन करना सम्भव नही। यह एक अलग विषय हो जायेगा। परन्तु यदि आपको यह पसंद आयेगा तो मैं एक article ध्यान पर भी लिखूँगा।

प्राणायाम 

• प्राणायाम आपके मन के नियन्त्रित करने में सहायक है। अतः प्राणायाम को अपने जीवन का अंग बनाना चाहिए।

• यदि आपके पास समय नहीं है तो आप दिन में 2 या 3 बार 20-20 कपालभाँति, अनुलोम-विलोम,भ्रामरी कर सकते हैं। इसमें 5 मिनट से ज्यादा समय नही लगेगा।

• रेगुलैरिटी ज्यादा ज़रोरी है बजाय अधिक संख्या के।

आत्मा के लिए योग -

• जब आपका शरीर और मन शुद्ध हो जाता है, तब आप आत्मा तक पहुँच जाते है। जो कि पूर्ण शुद्ध है।

स्वामी रामकृष्ण परमहंस कहते थे –

शुद्ध मन, आत्मा और परमात्मा ये सभी एक ही चीज हैं।

अतः यहाँ भक्ति योग की शुरूआत होती है।

• इसे एक उदाहरण से समझते हैं – मान लो आपके घर में कोई अतिथि आने वाला है, तो आप अपने घर की साफ-सफाई करेंगे उसे शुद्ध करेंगे , अपने घर में सुगन्ध का छिडकाव करेंगे। और जब वह अतिथि आपके घर ये तो भी आप साफ- सफाई में ही लगे रहें और दरवाजा ही न खोलें। तो ऐसी साफ- सफाई का क्या फायदा ? ठीक इसी तरह जब आप अपने शरीर और मन को शुद्ध कर लेते है तो फिर उसमे ईश्वर को भी आनें दें।

• भक्ति तुम्हें आनन्दित करती है क्यो कि तुम्हारे शुद्ध हो जाने पर तुम्हारा जीवन खत्म नही हो जाता। तुम्हारा जीवन प्रारब्ध के अनुसार रहता है।

• अतः शुद्ध होने के बाद सोरे कर्म ईश्वर के लिए ही होते हैं।

मानव जीवन की पूर्णता योग में ही सम्भव

मानव जीवन का जो अन्तिम लक्ष्य है, योग उसे प्राप्त करने का साधन है। योग के मार्ग से ही तुम शुद्ध पवित्र होकर आनन्दित रह सकते हो और पूर्णत्व को प्राप्त कर सकते हो।

क्यों कि-

ऊँ पूर्णमिदः पूर्णमिदं पूर्णात्पूर्णमुदच्यते।

पूर्णस्य पूर्णमादाय पूर्णमेवावशिष्यते”।।

सभी का मंगल हो, सभी का कल्याण हो, संसार के सभी व्यक्ति मुक्त हों।

लेखक - सुधांशुलानन्द

 New Delhi: Few in India or China had ever heard of the winding mountain river Galwan that would soon lead them to war. The Galwan Valley, at 5,500 m above sea level, took its name from Kashmiri horse-traders, who once used it to smuggle horses past the customs posts of local warlords. 

On 8 July, 1962, a diplomatic note arrived at the Ministry of External Affairs from Beijing, accusing Indian troops of violating the frontier along the river. Earlier, a Chinese military platoon had come face-to-face with a small unit of Gorkha regiment troops, which positioned itself there. 

In the note registering a strong protest, China not only asked India for an immediate withdrawal of troops from the Galwan Valley but also warned that it “will never yield before an ever-deeper armed advance by India nor will give up its right to self-defence when unwarrantedly attacked”. The People’s Liberation Army (PLA) cut off the Gorkhas from the Samzungling post farther down the valley, cutting off supplies.

On 20 October 1962, PLA units massed along the border and swept into Indian territory, including the Galwan Valley. While the incident at Galwan 60 years ago is seen as the trigger that led to the India-China war, many experts see the fighting as the inevitable outcome of a long diplomatic struggle that had gathered momentum from 1959.

According to Avtar Singh Bhasin’s book Nehru, Tibet and China, the year 1959 “remained the most hectic year in India-China relations, but a great disappointment for India”.

Bhasin notes that the escalation of the revolt in Tibet impacted developments on the frontiers. China — especially its then leader, Mao Zedong — viewed the Dalai Lama’s escape from Tibet in 1959 and his eventual refuge in India as adding insult to injury. 

Beijing was also uncomfortable that New Delhi seemed to be asserting British-era borders even as then prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru continued with his policy of non-alignment.

Mao claimed the Lhasa rebellion that erupted in Tibet in 1959 was caused by Indians. During his meeting with the then premier of the Soviet Union, Nikita Khrushchev, in October 1959, Mao said, “We could not keep the Dalai Lama, for the border with India is very extended and he could cross it at any point.”

Bhasin argues in his book that Nehru’s “fear of losing a friend and appeasing China only whetted the Chinese appetite. India was in consequence left to learn the hard way that fantasising about strength on false premises was a sure recipe for disaster.”

This became clearer when several conflicts and military standoffs began flaring up that ultimately culminated in the border war.

British journalist and scholar Neville Maxwell writes in his infamous book India’s China War that this was all part of Nehru’s well-crafted ‘Forward Policy’, which manifested itself in various ways in the run-up to the 1962 war.

This, Maxwell writes, was rolled out keeping in mind the upcoming general elections prior to the war as the opposition parties blamed Nehru’s government for being soft on China.

“The Indian government’s fundamental border policy of no negotiations [on the border issue] had locked India on a collision course with China in the early 1950s and with the implementation of the forward policy, the point of impact would be reached. But India was still confident that in this titanic game of chicken, it would be China that swerved away,” Maxwell writes in his book.  

Decisive incident

While the days leading up to the war saw several military standoffs and border incidents, a decisive clash took place at Kongka Pass, where nine Indian policemen were killed. While India realised after this incident that it wasn’t ready for a war, it nevertheless paved the way for a summit between Nehru and Chinese premier Zhou Enlai — and thus, a window of hope that a confrontation between the two neighbours could be avoided.

The incident took place in October 1959 when an Indian police party, led by an officer of the Intelligence Bureau (IB), was given the task of setting up posts in three strategic locations — Tsogtsalu, Hot Springs and Shamal Lungpa — along the border. They were attacked allegedly by the Chinese troops. While some were killed in the firefight, others were taken prisoner.

“There was no more Hindi Chini Bhai Bhai and it was at this time that Deng Xiaoping argued that India had to be taught a lesson. The incursions into Longju in August 1959 and Kongka in October were most likely meant to probe India’s defences,” writes Swedish journalist Bertil Lintner in his book, China’s India War: Collision Course on the Roof of the World.

Lintner also points out that this was also the time when Mao was in a “shaky position” within the Chinese Communist Party and, thus, in order to strengthen his role, he decided “to use the Tibet issue and the border dispute with India”.

As part of India’s ‘Forward Policy’, notes Bhasin, regular patrolling of border areas began — which also resulted in a rise in incidents on the border. But it wasn’t until the Kongka Pass incident that the Indian population realised the gravity of the crisis. “Particularly after the Kongka Pass incident, the border question received greater attention both inside and outside of Parliament,” Bhasin underscores in his book.

The Nehru-Zhou Enlai summit took place in 1960, but by then the relationship between the two countries was firmly heading southwards. Public opinion began to change and Nehru faced increased pressure. No wonder the summit ended in acrimony, aggravating what was already a worsening of ties.

Why was India inadequately prepared?

The 1962 war was essentially a border war. Both sides differ till this day on the exact position of the border, and even the facts pertaining to the imaginary line are in contention.

While New Delhi’s position is that the Sino-Indian border is 3,488 km in length — which includes the 523 km boundary between Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK) and China — Beijing continues to assert that the border is only 1,700 km, excluding the PoK-China boundary.

According to former diplomat Ranjit Singh Kalha’s India-China Boundary Issues: Quest for Settlement, as public pressure continued to build up on Nehru, on 26 September 1961, the IB submitted a comprehensive report on Chinese activities in the border areas.

The report said, “The Chinese would like to come up to their claim line of 1960, wherever we are not in occupation but where even a dozen of our men are present, the Chinese have kept away.” It also recommended that more posts be set up in the unoccupied areas of Ladakh.

As Nehru ordered Indian foces to move as far forward as possible to prevent the Chinese from entering Indian territory, China began to patrol more aggressively and confront the Indian troops.

On 21 July 1962, for the first time since the Kongka Pass incident, the Chinese opened fire on an Indian Army patrol in the Chip Chap Valley, resulting in two casualties.

This particular incident, according to Kalha — who was fluent in Chinese — was a clear “warning” to Nehru and to the Indian foreign and strategic community at large that “Chinese attitude and policy” towards India had undergone a complete change.

While this posturing by both sides continued in the border areas, in June 1962 Nehru activated diplomatic channels with Beijing to send conciliatory messages that the Chinese leadership dismissed, refusing any form of dialogue on the boundary question.

Meanwhile, Zhou told the Indian chargé d’affaires in Beijing that “China had evidence that the American CIA was financing, arming and guiding heinous anti-Chinese activities. Nehru was either not aware or pretended not to know about such activities against China. India has allowed the installation of modern devices to spy on China.”

But Nehru continued to believe that China would not launch an attack. This was evident in his discussions with then US ambassador to India John Kenneth Galbraith on 6 August 1962, when he said New Delhi and Beijing were planning to hold a dialogue on the border and that “none of the Indian agencies had detected any massing of Chinese troops”.

On 20 October 1962, the PLA invaded India in Ladakh, and across the McMahon Line in the then North-East Frontier Agency. It was called ‘The Day of Reckoning’ by Brigadier John Dalvi, who was captured by the PLA and later penned a war memoir.

“When the final attack came on 20 October, the Indians found that the Chinese had cut all their telephone lines the night before. In preparation for the assault, the Chinese had also taken up positions on higher ground behind Indian defences and were thus able to attack downhill on the morning of the attack,” writes Lintner.

In his book How India Sees The World, former foreign secretary Shyam Saran writes, “India found itself in an unexpected clash of arms mainly as a result of its unfamiliarity with Chinese culture and ways of thinking.”

“Indian leaders failed to pick up cues and oblique hints which if understood accurately may have led to a different outcome than humiliating defeat,” writes Saran, a former chairman of the National Security Advisory Board.

(Edited by Tony Rai)

 वैज्ञानिक हरगोविंद खुराना को नोबेल पुरस्कारः प्रख्यात भारतीय अमेरिकी वैज्ञानिक डॉ. हरगोविंद खुराना को 16 अक्टूबर 1968 को मेडिसिन के क्षेत्र में नोबेल पुरस्कार से सम्मानित किया गया। उन्हें यह पुरस्कार मार्शल डब्लू निरेनबर्ग और रॉबर्ट डब्लू होली के साथ संयुक्त रूप से मिला। न्यूक्लिक एसिड में न्यूक्लियोटाइड का क्रम खोजने के लिए (जिसमें कोशिका के अनुवांशिक कोड होते हैं और प्रोटीन के सेल के संश्लेषण को जो नियंत्रित करता है) यह सम्मान हासिल हुआ। वे भारतीय मूल के पहले वैज्ञानिक बने जिन्हें नोबेल पुरस्कार मिला।

09 जनवरी 1922 को अविभाजित भारत के मुल्तान (वर्तमान में पाकिस्तान) के रायपुर में पैदा हुए डॉ. हरगोविंद खुराना ने जीन इंजीनियरिंग यानी बायोटेक्नोलॉजी की नींव रखने में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई। पंजाब विवि से बीएससी और एमएससी (ऑनर्स) करने वाले डॉ. खुराना को छात्रवृत्ति मिली और वे इंग्लैंड के लिवरपूल विवि से डॉक्टरेट की उपाधि ली। खास बात यह है कि इतनी शिक्षा के बावजूद डॉ. खुराना को उस समय अपने देश में नौकरी नहीं मिली और उन्हें इंग्लैंड का रुख करना पड़ा। आगे चलकर उन्होंने तीन विश्वविख्यात विश्वविद्यालयों के संकाय में कार्य किया। शोधकार्यों के लिए उन्हें दुनिया भर के विभिन्न पुरस्कार और सम्मान हासिल हुए। 9 नवंबर 2011 को अमेरिका में इस महान वैज्ञानिक का निधन हो गया।

अन्य अहम घटनाएंः

1942ः बंगाल की खाड़ी में चक्रवाती तूफान से 40 हजार लोगों की मौत।

1944ः प्रख्यात तबला वादक लच्छु महाराज का जन्म।

1948ः उड़ीसा के मुख्यमंत्री नवीन पटनायक का जन्म।

1948ः अभिनेत्री व सांसद हेमा मालिनी का जन्म।

1951ः पाकिस्तान के पहले प्रधानमंत्री लियाकत अली खान की रावलपिंडी में गोली मार कर हत्या।

1958ः अमेरिका ने नेवादा में परमाणु परीक्षण किया।

1964ः चीन ने पहला परमाणु परीक्षण किया।

1978ः पूर्व कप्तान कपिलदेव ने पाकिस्तान के खिलाफ फैसलाबाद में टेस्ट करियर की शुरुआत की।

1984ः दक्षिण अफ्रीका के सामाजिक कार्यकर्ता डेसमंड टुटु को शांति के लिए नोबेल पुरस्कार।

2011ः भारतीय मूल के धावक 100 वर्षीय फौजा सिंह ने सबसे अधिक उम्र में टोरंटो वाटरफ्रंट मैराथन पूरा कर कीर्तिमान रचा।

 देश-दुनिया के इतिहास में 15 अक्टूबर की तारीख कई कारणों से याद की जाती है। भारत के संदर्भ में इसका अहम स्थान है। दरसअल भारत के पूर्व राष्ट्रपति डॉ. एपीजे अब्दुल कलाम का इस तारीख से खास रिश्ता है। इस तारीख को उनकी जयंती मनाई जाती है। उनका जन्म 15 अक्टूबर, 1931 को तमिलनाडु के रामेश्वरम में हुआ था। उन्होंने अपने जीवन के शुरुआती वर्षों में विज्ञान और भौतिकी का अध्ययन किया। अपने व्यावहारिक व्याख्यानों से विद्यार्थियों को स्वयं का सर्वश्रेष्ठ संस्करण बनने के लिए शिक्षण और प्रेरणा देने के लिए अपना जीवन समर्पित कर दिया। सबसे महत्वपूर्ण भारतीय मिसाइलों और अंतरिक्ष कार्यक्रमों के विकास की अगुवाई करने के लिए कलाम को 'भारत का मिसाइल मैन' भी कहा जाता है।

डॉ. एपीजे अब्दुल कलाम ने रक्षा अनुसंधान और विकास संगठन (डीआरडीओ) और भारतीय अंतरिक्ष अनुसंधान संगठन (इसरो) के प्रशासक के रूप में बहुत ही विशिष्ट पदों को संभाला । 2002 में, एयरोस्पेस वैज्ञानिक एपीजे अब्दुल कलाम देश के 11वें राष्ट्रपति बने। कलाम ने 2007 तक राष्ट्रपति पद पर सेवा की और उसके बाद अपना जीवन शिक्षण के लिए समर्पित कर दिया। वह शिलांग, आईआईएम-अहमदाबाद और आईआईएम-इंदौर में भारतीय प्रबंधन संस्थान (आईआईएम) में अतिथि प्रोफेसर बने।

डॉ. कलाम को भारत के सर्वोच्च नागरिक सम्मान या भारत रत्न से भी सम्मानित किया गया। भारत सरकार के वैज्ञानिक सलाहकार के रूप में उनके काम के लिए उन्हें पद्म भूषण और पद्म विभूषण से भी सम्मानित किया। उन्होंने 27 जुलाई, 2015 को आईआईएम-शिलांग में लेक्चर देते समय अंतिम सांस ली।

डॉ. कलाम अपनी सफलता का श्रेय अपनी मां को दिया करते थे। उन्होंने कहा था-“मैं अपने बचपन के दिन नहीं भूल सकता। बचपन को निखारने में मेरी मां का विषेश योगदान है। उन्होने मुझे अच्छे-बुरे को समझने की शिक्षा दी। छात्र जीवन के दौरान जब मैं घर-घर अखबार बांट कर वापस आता था तो मां के हाथ का नाश्ता तैयार मिलता। पढ़ाई के प्रति मेरे रुझान को देखते हुए मेरी मां ने मेरे लिए छोटा लैम्प खरीदा था, जिससे मैं रात को 11 बजे तक पढ़ सकता था। मां ने अगर साथ न दिया होता तो मैं यहां तक न पहुचता।''

कलाम अपनी लगन और कड़ी मेहनत से आगे बढ़ते गए। जीवन में अभाव के बावजूद वे किस तरह राष्ट्रपति के पद तक पहुंचे ये बात हम सभी को प्रेरणा देती है। उनकी शालीनता, सादगी और सौम्यता ने हर एक का दिल जीता। उनके जीवन दर्शन ने भारत के युवाओं को एक नई प्रेरणा दी। लाखों लोगों के वह रोल मॉडल हैं।

महत्वपूर्ण घटनाचक्र

1686ः बीजापुर के साथ मुगल शासक औरंगजेब ने शांति समझौते पर हस्ताक्षर किए।

1815ः नेपोलियन बोनापार्ट ने शर्मनाक हार का सामना किया।

1866ः कनाडा स्थित फ्रेंच बहुल क्षेत्र क्यूबेक आग लगने से तबाह।

1923ः लीवर्ड द्वीप के उत्तर में उष्णकटिबंधीय तूफान आया।

1924ः तत्कालीन अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपति काल्विन कूलीड्ज ने स्टेच्यु ऑफ लिबर्टी को राष्ट्रीय स्मारक करार दिया।

1932ः देश की पहली एयरलाइन टाटा संस लिमिटेड का शुभारंभ।

1949ः त्रिपुरा राज्य को भारत में शामिल किया गया।

1951ःस्वेज नहर समझौते को मिस्र की संसद ने ठुकराया।

1958ः मिस्र के साथ अफ्रीकी देश ट्यूनीशिया ने राजनीतिक संबंध तोड़े।

1978ः पूर्वी कजाखिस्तान क्षेत्र में सोवियत संघ ने परमाणु परीक्षण किया।

1988ः दुनिया की समुद्री यात्रा पूरी कर उज्ज्वला पाटिल एशिया की प्रथम महिला बनीं।

1990ः राष्ट्रपति मिखाइल गोर्बाचेव को नोबेल शांति पुरस्कार।

1996ः फिजी ने व्यापक परीक्षण प्रतिबंध संधि की पुष्टि करने का दावा किया।

1998ः भारत की फातिमा बी को ग़रीबी उन्मूलन के लिए संयुक्त राष्ट्र पुरस्कार से नवाजा गया।

2003 : अंतरिक्ष में मानवयुक्त यान भेजने वाला चीन तीसरा देश बना।

2006ः उत्तर कोरिया को संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघ ने प्रतिबंधित किया।

2012ः ब्रिटिश लेखिका हिलेरी मेंटल को मैन बुकर पुरस्कार।

2013ः फिलीपीन्स में शक्तिशाली भूकंप।सैंकड़ो लोगों की जान गई।

जन्म

1542ः मुगल शासक अकबर।

1920ः प्रसिद्ध उपन्यास द गॉडफादर के रचयिता मारियो ग्येनल्यूगी पूजो।

1922ः इतालवी कैथोलिक पादरी लुइजी जिउसानी।

1922ः प्रसिद्ध संगीतकार शंकर।

1931ः भारत के 11वें राष्ट्रपति डॉ. एपीजे अब्दुल कलाम।

1952ः छत्तीसगढ़ के दूसरे मुख्यमंत्री रमन सिंह।

1957ः भारतीय निर्देशक मीरा नायर।

निधन

1595ः मध्यकालीन भारत के विद्वान, साहित्यकार और फारसी के कवि फैजी।

1961ः भारत के प्रसिद्ध कवि सूर्यकांत त्रिपाठी निराला।

1975ः प्रसिद्ध चित्रकार एवं मूर्तिकार पद्म भूषण देवी प्रसाद राय चौधरी।

1999ः भारतीय स्वतंत्रता संग्राम में क्रांतिकारियों की प्रमुख सहयोगी दुर्गा भाभी।

2012ः कंबोडिया के राजा नोरोदम शिनौक।

दिवस

विश्व छात्र दिवस (इसे भारत के पूर्व राष्ट्रपति डॉ.एपीजे अब्दुल कलाम के सम्मान में उनकी जयंती पर मनाया जाता है।)

विश्व छड़ी दिवस

विश्व ग्रामीण महिला दिवस

हिन्दुस्थान समाचार/मुकुंद

आजकल हम टीवी चौनलों में देखते है कि कैसे वो तीसरे विश्व युद्ध की कामना करते है जैसे वो अभी ही हो जाये, यह जानते हुए भी की युद्ध अपने आप में कितनी बड़ी त्रासदी है।  प्रथम एवं दूसरे  विश्व युद्ध ने लाखों लोगों की जान ली और कई देशों को तबाह और बर्बाद कर दिया, अर्थव्यवस्था को गर्त में डाल दिया। दूसरे विश्व युद्ध ने अमेरिका ने जापान पर परमाणु बम गिराकर मानवीयता को तार तार कर दिया। इतनी तबाही और बर्बादी देख कर भी युद्ध की कामना करना आत्महत्या के मानिद है।

 New Delhi,There are never any simple solutions or answers to mental health challenges, this is especially true for suicide. Those who contemplate ending their lives are usually at an emotionally draining and isolating precipice of a mental health crisis, they see no way out of. This is why, one of the most important aspects of our lives is to develop positive relationships; having fulfilling and meaningful relationships with our friends and family, people who we love and respect, can help create meaning in our lives and make for an important support system.

If you know someone who is struggling with their mental health, here are some ways to help them deal with their crisis and be that one person in their lives who can truly help make a difference shared by Dilshad Khurana, Psychologist, Head Mpower, Helpline.

Be empathetic: Empathy is the basis of most human relationships, and it is an even more crucial component when dealing with someone who is going through a mental health crisis. The key to developing meaningful relationships is to really listen to what someone has to say rather than just hearing what they have to say. For instance, while speaking with someone who is going through a tough time with regard to their mental health, it is important that you make eye contact with them during the conversation and be fully present in the moment. Avoid interrupting them or deviating from conversation to a frivolous topic. Try to build a deeper conversation with them and listen to them intently. This can help the opposite person feel more seen and heard, and will eventually help them to open up to you about their mental health struggles.

Be aware of the other person's perspective: Always keep the other person's perspective in mind - this is a seemingly simple yet difficult piece of advice to follow. When we take the time to see things from the other person's point of view, it helps us to understand them better and make for a more meaningful relationship.

After all, everyone wants to feel like their experiences and opinions are valued and respected, and for those struggling with their mental health, this is even more important. Hence, try to look at things from the other person's perspective the next time you are in a conversation, you may be surprised by what you discover and even help them see beyond their current situation.

Open communication: Communication is one of the first things we learn in life - whether it is learning how to speak or using actions and gestures to convey our feelings, it is one of the most primal aspects of human life. However, as we grow older, communicating meaningfully gets harder, and having tough conversations about how we truly feel gets rarer. But these conversations are vital for those who are coping with issues such as depression or anxiety. And at times, having open and honest conversations can mean the difference between life and death. Thus, communicating openly and honestly with those dealing with mental health struggles is a crucial aspect of developing healthy and positive relationships.

Relationship with oneself: While external relationships play an important role in our lives, the most significant relationship we have is the one with ourselves. Building our self-esteem and self-worth is one of the most important things we can do for ourselves and it is a crucial aspect of mental health.

If we want to cultivate a positive relationship with ourselves, we need to be kind and forgiving, accept our flaws, and work on accepting our bodies and minds the way they are - this is probably the most important thing we can do for our mental health.

Seek help: Life is not easy when we are under a lot of pressure. Sometimes, we may feel like we aren't good enough and that everything is going wrong. Such feelings can easily precipitate into thoughts of self-harm. However, it is important to know that there is a way out of such a vicious cycle, and trained professionals such as therapists, counselors, and psychiatrists can help immensely.

Through their years of experience and study, therapists are trained to help people who are dealing with mental health crises. For instance, someone who is going through a breakup after a long-term relationship or a student who has failed their exam - for them, these failures might seem monumental and something that they cannot get past. However, a trained psychologist can help them to realize that failures in exams, careers, or relationships aren't permanent. Thus, seeking help is perhaps the most important tool in the fight against suicide and mental health problems.

Additionally, society plays a significant role in promoting mental health awareness. Through public awareness initiatives such as street plays like the one recently conducted by Whistling Woods International at Churchgate station on World Suicide Prevention Day, or street art, people can help reduce the stigma associated with discussing mental health openly.

Thus, having positive personal relationships and being part of a society that is non-judgemental about mental health issues are some of the most important factors that can help to prevent suicide.

If you think somebody you know might be struggling, don't hesitate to seek help. Together, we can help prevent suicides by building more positive relationships in our communities and talking about mental health more openly. For professional support, you can reach out to the Suicide prevention helpline.

 Washington [US], October 13 (ANI): Using existing smartphone applications to monitor cellphone screen time can enhance focused or mindful cellphone usage, according to research recently published by Kaveh Abhari of San Diego State University and Isaac Vaghefi of City University of New York.
This, in turn, leads to higher perceived productivity and user satisfaction. The research was recently published in AIS Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction (THCI). The Positive Effect of Self-Monitoring
Abhari (associate professor of management information systems at SDSU's Fowler College of Business) and Vaghefi (assistant professor of information systems at the Zicklin School of Business at Baruch College) said. At the same time, there was substantial research establishing the negative effects of cellphone screen time (intolerance, withdrawal, and conflict with job-related tasks), their research was designed to determine if self-regulatory behaviours could lead to modified user behaviour for more positive outcomes.
"We theorized that individuals who tracked their cellphone usage and set goals surrounding that users tended to have enhanced productivity and contentment with their productivity as they met their stated objectives," said Abhari. "Previous research has shown that goal setting tends to raise performance expectations and we wanted to see if this theory held true for smartphone screen time as well."
Putting it to the Test
To make this determination, the researchers surveyed 469 participating university undergraduate students in California, New York, and Hawaii. The three-week survey required all participants to complete four questionnaires and about half of them were required to download a screen-monitoring application to their phones. This app allowed users to monitor and set limits or goals with their cellphone screen time.
When the results were analyzed, researchers measured the perceived productivity of screen time reported by those surveyed, as well as the amount of screen time and the fatigue associated with self-monitoring. They also reviewed participants' contentment with their productivity achieved through cellphone screen time. "Self-monitoring appears necessary to encourage the optimized use of smartphones," said Abhari. "The results suggest optimizing but not minimizing screen time is more likely to increase user productivity."
The Effect of Fatigue
However, the researchers also found that self-monitoring induces fatigue and weakens the effect on productivity, though it was not a significant factor affecting the relationship between self-monitoring and contentment with productivity achievement.
In conclusion, Abhari and Vaghefi determined that while uncontrolled cellphone use (or cellphone addiction) could negatively impact people's lives, monitored screen time -- particularly observed screen time with specific goals in mind -- can result in positive outcomes and higher overall user satisfaction. "This study could lead system developers to embed features into mobile devices that enable self-monitoring," said Abhari. "These features could improve quality screen time and enhance the relationship between humans and digital technology." (ANI)

Freedom is the foundation of individual independence. In just social orders they have been conceded to shield individual from unnecessary state obstruction. Opportunity of articulation has been revered in article 19 of the Widespread Announcement on Human Rights. It is viewed as quite possibly of the most critical freedoms as it permits an individual to achieve self satisfaction and fortify the ability to appreciate opportunity completely.

The freedom guaranteed by Article 21 of the Constitution is fundamentally about responsible speech. Making sure that this doesn't happen is one of the biggest issues facing the autonomy and free speech principles. No one's freedom is exercised at the expense of another person or the disadvantaged group within society. In a diverse nation like India Castes, creed, faiths, and languages, this problem provides a significant challenge.

Hate speech refers to an objectionable speech that targets a person or group based on intrinsic traits like race, religion, or gender and may endanger social harmony. Hate speech is biased, bigoted, intolerable, or derogatory, which means it is prejudicial, scornful, or disparaging to a person or group.

Hate speech weakens social harmony and tolerance and incites violence. Sadly, there is nothing new about how destructive hatred can be. To the point that hate speech, even online, has become one of the most common ways to spread divisive language and beliefs on a global scale and endanger peace, hate speech's scope and impact are currently enhanced by modern communication technologies.

In the past, it was common to hear vitriol during election seasons. Now every now and then, hate speech is generated to keep the societal atmosphere tensed. Groups who were formerly considered fringe elements have now gained significant power and are able to manipulate people's emotions as they please. Hateful people aren't deterred by the law and keep making disparaging comments about a certain population. A recent trend is attacking a particular community and getting away with it.

Hatemogers frequently utter venomous comments and are unchecked. Hatemongers receive privileged protection while mocking the law. Contrarily, people who demonstrate against hate speech and prejudice are imprisoned for years under stringent laws of the land . All these enticing circumstances encourage bigots to rip apart the social fabric of the nation.

Supreme court of India has made some stern remarks seeing the rise of hate speeches in India. Even Supreme court had to say that debates on TV news channels are causing more pollution than anybody. In recent hearing court questioned the role of media for giving valuable airtime to hatemongers. Justice Joseph said “hate speech completely poisons the very fabric, it cann’t be permitted. We should have a proper legal framework. If it is hate speech that we are feeding on, where is our nation headed to ?”. SC seemed unhappy of government’s silence on hate speeches.  

Hatemongers and the forces that support them are unaware of the horrific consequences of their deed. Their habit of setting fire to their neighbor's home will result in the burning of their own home. India, which has a rich history and has had many ups and downs, will withstand these shocks and be safe.

Writer- Asif Khan

Each year the month of October brings back memories of the Hindu and Sikh genocide that took place in Pakistan occupied Jammu and Kashmir (PoJK) after Pakistan attacked the state of Jammu and Kashmir on October 22, 1947.